Prophylaxis is a procedure where a dentist or dental hygienist removes plaque and tartar from the teeth. This will make the gums and teeth healthier. It is not uncommon for patients to note that teeth appear slightly more sensitive after a dental cleaning. The reason for this is that plaque and tartar coat the tooth surface and shield them from substances in the mouth. Once they are removed a transient sensitivity may occur but soon leaves. It is important for one to brush and floss after every meal to prevent buildup of plaque and tartar.

One new dental technology involving dental X-rays is digital X-rays. They offer the advantage of an 80 percent reduction in radiation, no need for film or processing chemicals, production of a nearly instantaneously image, and the ability to use color contrast in the image.

Fluoride is a powerful tool in the fight against tooth decay. It aids in the re-mineralization process, encouraging the minerals to heal the damage done to the teeth by the acids in the mouth. Also in this process of re-mineralization, the teeth actually become harder, and less prone to tooth decay.

Dental sealants are thin plastic coatings which are applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth to prevent decay. Most tooth decay in children and adolescents occur on the chewing surfaces of these back teeth or molars. This is because molars have irregular surfaces with pits and grooves which tend to trap food and bacterial debris. Sealants flow into and coat these pits and grooves so that bacteria cannot multiply and cause decay. The teeth most likely to benefit from sealant applications are the first and second molars just after they have erupted and before decay has had a chance to occur. Generally, the first molars erupt at six years old and second molars at about twelve years old.